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A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue (up to 1700)

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First published 1990 (DOST Vol. VII).
This entry has not been updated since then but may contain minor corrections and revisions.

Rad(e, Raid, n. Also: raide, rayd(e; radde. [North. ME rade (Cursor M.), early ME rad(e (a1225), OE rád fem. (f. the pret. stem of OE rídan Ride v.¹⁾ an act of riding, a journey on horseback, OE also = a foray, raid. Also f. OE rád is midl. and south. ME rode Rode n.² See also Rede n.³]

I. 1. An armed incursion; a warlike expedition; a raid.Freq. in the phr. to mak a rade (of were) (in or within a territory, or apoun an enemy).(1) c1420 Wynt. viii 5981.
A rade off were He made wyth displayid banere Ib. 5034. 1455 Acts II 45/1.
Quhair sa euir ony radis ar maide in Inglande [etc.] 1528 St. P. Henry VIII IV 499.
[He] procurit divers radis to be maid apoun the brokin men of our realme 1548–9 Corr. M. Lorraine 292.
This last rad was mad in Ingland has [etc.](b) 1528 Armstrong Hist. Liddesdale I 248.
[Or the intention of the king] to mak generale oisting and raids [upon his vassals … should be abandoned] 1530 Reg. Privy S. II 88/2.
Thare … away biding fra our soverane lordis raid and congregatioun maid … apoun the thevis and brekaris of the cuntre 1544 Corr. M. Lorraine 84.
Yrysmen ar cumit to the Newecastall and yit thai purpois to mak ane uther rayde within Scotland 1546 Lynd. Trag. Card. 164.
I rasit ane oyste … And maid ane raid quhilk Lythgow ȝit may rew 1549 Lamb Resonyng 51/17.
Ȝour king … send Schir Robert Bowis … to mak raiddis and waisting in Scotland 1570 Leslie 26.
Makand ane raid within Scotland, the lairds of Johnstoun and Cokpule discumfeit him a1578 Pitsc. I 61/14.
The Scottis maid dywerse incurtiouns and raidis in Ingland(2) ?1438 Alex. i 1662.
Gude Emynedus de Archade … gouernit thame wysely in that raid c1420 Wynt. viii 6312 (C).
That rade noucht gretly skaythful was For thai noucht gret forrayis made In to the cuntre qwhar thai throw rade 1513 Doug. ii i heading.
Quhou the Grekis withdrew thame of the raid [Sm., Ruddim. rade], And of the mekill subtile hors thai maid 1517 Treas. Acc. V 153, 154.
The lettrez direct for the raid in the Mers. … To … peonaris quhilkis passit to the said raid with pikkis and schulis and remanyt ix dais 1547–8 Corr. M. Lorraine 221.
Thar is na apeirans of ony raid in Scotland before Pais 1549 Lamb Resonyng 51/5.
Sic radis and spuilȝeis is na sufficient caus for to mak weir 1573 Reg. Privy C. II 227.
For unlawis for nonaccumpaneing him to ane raid 1572-5 Diurn. Occurr. 302.
Thair wes distroyit at this raid the haill fruittis about Hamiltoun and Boddelhaughe, with kill and barne 1587 Edinb. B. Rec. IV 507.
That ane taxatioun be … rayset vpoun the inhabitants … for thair pairt of the licence to abyde fra the raid to the borderis

2. The mustering or assembling of a force of men to carry out a military operation in the service of the king. b. A force so raised. Some of the quots. given below may properly belong to 1 above.Freq., with reference to a ‘judicial raid’, an administrative expedition supported by an armed force, intended to maintain law and order in areas remote from the central government by arresting, trying and punishing offenders. For some discussion of ‘raids’ into border country, see T. I. Rae The Administration of the Scottish Frontier 1513–1603, esp. chapter VII.(1) 1532 Reg. Privy S. II 191/1.
Ane exemptioun maid to William Withirspvne … to byd fra all oistis, weris, radis, for all the dais of his life 1538 Ib. 402/1.
Exemand him fra all … assembleis, justice-aris, oistis and radis quhatsumever 1549 Reg. Cupar A. II 59.
[They] sall furnis tuay furnist speris to the quenis weris, hostingis, and radis 1557 Crim. Trials I i 397.
Johnne Crechtoune … allegis that the House of Sanchare was neuer in vse to keip ane wardane raid sene thai war wardanis thame selffis, … that he is nocht hakin, be vertew of the proclamatioune, to haif past to the said raid, becaus he is nocht ane landit manne 1574 Three Reformers 119.
Husbandmen That to the lard gude service made And bakkit him unto the rade(2) 1497 Treas. Acc. I 341.
For the … grathing of the kingis harnas sadil to the raid 1528 St. P. Henry VIII IV 498.
The cause quhy presentlie the raid and ost … wes delayit and postponit 1534 Melville Chart. 71.
Cumand hame fra the kingis service and raid upoun the thevis 1549 Reg. Episc. Aberd. I 434.
Togyddyr with seruice in ostijng and vthir generall raidis 1558 Digest Justiciary Proc. B 147.
William Monteith … pays stent with the vtheris burgessis … and thairfoir is not subiect to serue the quenes grace to the said raid 1558 Inverness Rec. I 24.
Ane rayd dewysit at Fala Mowyr the said day 1565 Wemyss Chart. 199.
Seiklie … and nocht abill to sustene the pyne and travell of the weiris, raidis, and armeis, without … danger of his lyfe 1565 Linlithgow Sheriff Ct. 4 Oct.
Albeit it be nakitlie allegit … that he is at the raid 1569 Canongate Ct. Bk. 97.
The said Alexander is under proclamatioun of the raid quhairat oure soveranis regent and the nobilitie ar now convenit 1572 Prot. Bk. A. Lawson MS 19b.
His treasonabill abyding fra our souerane lordis hoist and raid convenit at Hawik 1572-5 Diurn. Occurr. 39.
Becaus the northland men and my lord Argile come not, thairfoir was the raid continewit vnto the sext of August Ib. 153.
Ane proclamatioun … chargeing all … liegis … to meit my lord regent in Peblis weill bodin in feir of weir with ten dayis victuallis … to pas quhair thaj salbe commandit. … Edinburgh furnishit to the said raid j^c men of warre. This raid wes maid becaus … [certain] lordis of Ingland … wes of purpois to haue fled in Scotland … and [the Scots] … preist thameselfis … to resist thame at the west bordaris 1577 Reg. Cupar A. II 133 (see Assemblé n. 2 b). 1582 Kirkcaldy B. Rec. 75.
Anent the proclamatioun and raide of men of weir to be furneist therto 1585 Waus Corr. 335.
The kingis maiestie hes appointed … ane raid with tent and palȝeon 1588 Ayr Chart. 56.
[The harbour and bridge] … sall … decay to the … hinderance of our service cheiflie the tyme of our oistis raidis and weiris 1592 Acts III 556/1.
That all exemptionis and licencis fra raidis & assyis … salbe subscryuit be the thesaurair 1599 Reg. Privy C. VI 839.
That the haill forces within … Nithisdaill and Galloway sall … meit baith on hors and fute … to pas fordwart upoun the disobedient thevis … and persew thame … quhill they be rutit out. … The inhabitantis of the burrowis underwrittin sall … furneis to the said raid the numberis eftir specifiet, viz. [etc.] 1634 Aberd. B. Rec. III 70.b. 1549 Treas. Acc. IX 340.
Letteris directted … to bill up the names of thame that remanyt fra the raid ordanit to convene at Mussilburght 1569 Reg. Privy C. I 669.
All and sindry his majesteis liegis convenit and subject to this present raid and army 1572–3 Treas. Acc. XII 338.
The raid appoyntit to haif mett my lord regentis grace at Brechin 1577 Ib. XIII 181.
Thai sall underly the law … for remaning at hame fra the raid convenit at Drumfreis 1588–9 Reg. Great S. 553/1.
Accedendo cum rege in exercitibus sive lie raiddis 1593 Edinb. B. Rec. V 99.
We … grantis … to the provest … and communitie of … Edinburgh to … abyde at hame fra our oist rayd and airmy appoyntet to convene at the toun of Lawder

3. With qualifying word or phr., freq. involving a place-name, to specify a particular raid, in sense 1 or (chiefly) 2 above. 1496–7 Treas. Acc. I 310.
For xx speris to the raid of Home 1504 Ib. II 451.
For tua hidis to be jakkis to Thomas Bosuell … agane the raid of Eskdale 1533 Boece 628.
[They] came with ane army to Berwick & lay lang at the sege. … This jorney was callit the Dirtin Raid 1542 Ayr Common Good Acc.
Ane eln of taffaty to be ane pensale at the raid of Lawdar ix s. a1586 Maitland Ho. Seytoun 33.
Ane army uith the Duke of Albany, callit the Raid of Sulway a1568 Bann. MS I p. 56/40.
He rew'd the raid of the rid squire 1568 Haddington B. Rec. (Robb) 4 June.
Thomas Puntoun provest and James Forrest to pass to Edinburgh to purches licens to the toun to remane fra the raid of Dumfreis 1572 Sempill Sat. P. xxx 15.
At Roxburgh raid scho slew our king a1578 Pitsc. II 137/20.
This same … was callit the quarter raidis 1579 Glasgow B. Rec. (M.C.) 116.
The proclamation of Stirling raid 1595–6 Misc. Spald. C. V 63.
Letteris … concernand the discharge of the heland raid 1600 Edinb. B. Rec. V 265.
The summondis raisit aganis the inhabitantis of Leyth … as absentis fra the northeland raid c1612 Skene Memorabilia 21.
The raid of Sulwa moss

4. A journey made on horseback; a ride. a1500 Sir Eger 1009.
Sir Grahame was ready to the rade 1578 Glasgow Burgesses 7.
In recompensatioun of the said George for certane radis and trawellis done by him on his expenses in the town's affairs 1584 Gowrie P. 37.]
[As for the raid of Ruthen, … it was never mened against his estait, personne, or autoratie 1590 Kirkcudbr. B. Rec. I 250.
Full peyment of all raidis or vther crawingis quhilkis thai … can … clame on the toun

b. A ceremonial or formal ride; a procession on horseback. 1504 Banks Sc. Cal. Customs III 192.
That all personis … address thame to rid one Sanct Nicholace day, … in thar best abiliament convenient for the said raid 1578 Glasgow B. Rec. (M.C.) 103.
Syndry particular raiddis to the court 1615 Glasgow Trades House 61.
Thrie pund thrie schilling to James Fischer … to help the charges the last raid thai raid with the bischop to Edinburgh 1618 Glasgow Masons 74.
It is statute by the whole craft … that all who ride to burials or other common raids, hereafter shall ride upon their own charges

c. A horse-race. — 1581-1623 James VI Poems II 125/68.
Ilk ane uith uther bissilly did striue Quha sould be sonest at that solemne raide [v.r. rade]

II. 5. The act of mounting for sexual intercourse; copulation.Cf. Ride v.¹ 11.Cf. late ME rode in this sense (Occleve Letter of Cupid), rendered as raid in Bann. MS (270b/100). c1500-c1512 Dunb. Tua Mar. W. 141.
For or he clyme one my corse … I have conditioun of a curche [etc.] … Or rest of his rousty raid Ib. 194.
He ralis and makis repet with ryatus wordis Ay rusing him of his radis Ib. 391.
Bot ay in mynd ane othir man ymagynit that I haid Or ellis had I nevir mery bene at that myrthles raid 1597 Skene Verb. S. s.v. Marcheta.
Marcheta mulieris is the raide of the woman, or the first carnall copulation and conjunction with her

III. 6. A roadstead or anchorage. Also attrib. and fig.(1) c1420 Wynt. vi 926.
And in that rade Thai wald stryk, and thare tak land 14.. Acts I 25/2.
Gif it sua fall … the schyp be in the rade [Adv. raide] wele and in pes he sall pas 1452 Aberd. B. Rec. MS V i p. 156 (11 Aug.).
The said John Sleich is oblist to saile fra the hawyn of Banf to the (hawyn) of Aberdene and thar to remayn twa tiddis in the water or in the rade 1471 Edinb. B. Rec. I 25.
Of ilk bot chargit in the havin to pas to the rade ?1533 Stirlings of Keir 351.
Ȝowr walter and boundis … raidis [pr. radiis] or hyewynis 1533 Boece 150b.
Agricola … chargeit thai suld … leif nowder porte, rade, … bay nor ile vnconsiderit a1578 Pitsc. I 252/4.
Quhene this scheip past to the sie and was lyand in the rade(b) 1445 Edinb. B. Rec. I 8.
Of hulkis and forecastellit shipps that commys in the havin or in the raide, x s. 1508 Treas. Acc. IV 127.
To the Franch marinaris that hed the king to the raid and fra the raid agane 1513 Doug. ii i 19.
A raid onsikkyr for schip or ballyngare Ib. iv xi 17.
Speid, tak ȝon schippys! on burd fast to the raid! Ib. v xiv 93.
Thai … Kest down thar bewchit ankyrris, ferm of grip, Into the raid 1533–4 Edinb. B. Rec. II 66.
Als sone as the said schip passis till the raid that the maister and the haill kippage remayne still intill her c1550 Lynd. Meldrum 706.
He lay bot ane day in the raid, Quhill he gat wind of the southeist 1561 Aberd. B. Rec. I 335.
Rayd c1575 Balfour Pract. 617.
Quhair ane pylot is hyrit … to sail ane ship to ane port, he bringand hir … to the raid, then he is quyte of his charge 1584 Sempill Sat. P. xlv 157.
Then sett he to … To seik some lowner harbore thayre, And caist his anckers on the raid ?1549 Monro W. Isles (1961) 73.
Vatersay … with ane excellent raid for mayne schippis that cumis thair to fische 1615 Kirkwall Sheriff Ct. Act Bk. 5b.
That thair is mony … idle persones uha … attend the repareing of ships and strangeris to raidis & vsuall places 1627 Dumbarton B. Rec. 13.
The schip of dailles presently lyind in Clyd, at the new raid 1630 Edinb. B. Rec. VII 67.
Portis herbaries closettis schoires raids lynkis [etc.](c) 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. i 122.
His shippe is in the raddeattrib. 1294 Acts I 96*/1.
Quod nullus emat … venalia apud Berwicum venientia per mare nisi sit ante bordam nauis videlicet at the rade brafig. 1562-3 Winȝet II 53/35.
Within the maist suir raid and harbery of thare haly mother the Kirk(2) 1458 Reg. Great S. 142/2.
In … reparationem portus sive Raide de Dunde c1475 Wall. ix 264.
Be this the schippis was in the Rochell raid 1557 Aberd. B. Rec. I 304.
The raid of Abirdene 1571 Bann. Memor. 208.
Thair is a guid number of schipis at Dover-raid 1573 Reg. Privy C. II 222.
Within the port or raid of the burgh of Abirdene 1580 Dundee Chart. No. 71.
Vpoun and within the rever of Tay, raidis and heavinnyng places thairof 1581 Reg. Privy C. III 446.
The saidis schippis wer interceptit in the way be certane Scottis pyrattis … and brocht in be thame to the raid of Kirkcudbricht 1596 Dalr. II 322/22.
At last thay cam to the raid of Dunbritoune 1608 Reg. Privy C. VIII 522.
I arryvit at Yla in the raid of Ylintaxa 1612 Orkney & Shetl. Ct. Bk. 57.
For the fraucht in careying of the said haill salt fra the schoir and raid of Kirkwall to the said poirt 1613 Soc. Ant. X 223.
Ane boit to sek the ankir we tynt in Leyth Raid 1616 Melrose P. 257.
One of the waughters had caussin anker in thair [Montrose] raid 1643 Edinb. B. Rec. VIII 25.
Ane shipp … haveing lowsed from the raid of Dysert be stres of wedder [etc.]