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A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue (up to 1700)

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First published 2001 (DOST Vol. X).
This entry has not been updated since then but may contain minor corrections and revisions.

Synod, Sinod, n. Also: syn-, sinode, sinit, senode, synody. [ME and e.m.E. synod(e, sinod (Trevisa), late L. synod-, f. the Gk. Cf. also F. synode (1511 in Larousse), and Senȝe n.2]

1. In the Pre-Reformation church: a. A general council of clergy, summoned by the pope. b. An assembly of diocesan clergy presided over by the bishop of the diocese. ?1073 Liber Melros 409.
[Hec composicio facta est in synodo in Ecclesia Sancti Cuthberti apud Edenesburgh
1226 Reg. Episc. Morav. 75.
Actum in synodo nostra habita
1430 Reg. Episc. Aberd. I 230.]
Ipsum dominum Hugonem in sinodo sua publice excommunicatum denunciauit
a. c1515 Asl. MS I 256/2.
Be Jhon the viij pape of that name in his first synode [Brevis Cronica 328, synody] haldin at Constantinople
b. c1500 Cart. S. Nich. Aberd. I 259.
In the Penthicost owk nixt eftir the synod
1622-6 Bisset II 432/11.
[Pope] Martinus … maid ane law … that everie bischope suld have twyse [everie] ȝeir senode and generall assemblies
1683 Martine Reliq. Divi Andreae 153.
The archbishop … could not by reasone of tempests, contrarie winds, etc. at all times have passage to the synods … besouth Forth

2. In the Post-Reformation church: The body of ministers and elders constituting the church court intermediate between Presbytery and General Assembly, or a particular meeting of such a body. Also attrib.Also during the period of Episcopacy in the 17th c. when bishops presided over diocesan synods, as in 1 b above, although the Church of Scotland remained essentially Presbyterian.(a) c1646 Craufurd Edinb. Univ. 17.
The Commission of ministeris to deall in the effairs of the kirk in the intervall of Synods
1602 Colville Paraenese Ep. 23.
As far … exceding your synods as a gret parlament doth exceid a poor birla court
1622 Brechin Kirk S. 27 March.
No session nor preiching lippining to the synod whilk was hendeirt be the stormie wedder
a1651 Calderwood VII 109.
He may … depute another minister of the diocie to visite his diocie, but not to moderat the diocesan synods
a1633 Hope Major Pract. I 29.
Synode
1648 Misc. Maitl. C. II 467. 1639 Spalding I 227.
The ordiner meiting of kirk sessionis, presbitreis, synodis, and suche like
1664 Alford Rec. 56.
Thomas Herd, excomunicat for slauchter, did appear befor the Synod in sackcloath
1664 Dunkeld Presb. II 37.
Absents from the Synod … are lyabel to the payment of 20 merks
1669 Butler Leighton 430.
We may ask of our protesting brethren to consider this, how long it is since they … complained of the tyranny of synods
1670 Butler Leighton 444.
If any difference fall out in the diocesan synod betwixt any of the members thereof, it shall be lawful to appeal to a provincial synod or their committee
c1679 Kirkton Hist. 64.
There be in all Scotland some 900 paroches, divided into 68 presbytries, which are again canton'd into fourteen synods
1693 Just and Modest Reproof (1693) 39.
A synod of the Presbyterians in Scotland (I suppose he meaneth of the General Assembly)
(b) 1660 Montgomery Mem. 323.
The sentence can hardlie be looked upon other wyse then as a non-liquet of the whole sinod
1660 Montgomery Mem. 323.
The saids sinod … are hereby obleiged to sist themselves before the nixt General Assemblie
1667 Wemyss Corr. 65.
We find itt not fitte time to call a sinode
(c) 1653 Stirling Ant. II 13.
The sessioune ordained the thesaurer to delyer 2 lb. 13 sh. 4 d. to the clerk of the sinit
attrib. 1616 Bk. Univ. Kirk I 1124 in Concilia Sc. I cliii.
That every minister have a perfyte and formall register … to be presentit be every ane at thair nixt synod assemblie
1675 Bonckle Kirk S. 47.
For payment of the sinod clarke, 14 lib. 8 s.
1681 Colvil Whig's Suppl. (1681) ii 5.
Prove, Muse, that synod men, church-wardens Are bears, and synods are bear gardens
1691 Glasgow B. Rec. IV 4.
To pay … for wright work in repairing the synod house

b. The National Synod: A council of churchmen set up by royal decree in 1663 to oversee the affairs of the Church of Scotland. 1663 Acts VII 465/1.
That ther shall be a Nationall Synod of the Church of Scotland and that … the lawfull members … shall consist … of the archbishops of St. Andrews & Glasgow and the remanent bishops … the moderators of meitings … and … one presbiter or minister of each meiting
1674 Laing MSS 398.
No act or cannon sall be of any force or validity … but quhat sall be aggried upone by the nationall sinod

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"Synod n.". Dictionary of the Scots Language. 2004. Scottish Language Dictionaries Ltd. Accessed 28 Mar 2024 <http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/dost/synod>

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