Dictionaries of the Scots Language
Dictionars o the Scots Leid

A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue (up to 1700)

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Can, v. Also: cane, kan(e; p.t. cuth(e, cutht, cwth; qwth; couth (couyth), coutht (cought), cowth(e, kouth, kowth; cwde, cuid, kuid, cud, coud(e, cowd, coit; culd (cwld), cuild, cowld, could, cold. [ME. can (kan, canne), con, OE. can, con; p.t. ME. (northern) cuth, couth, (midl. and southern) couthe, cowthe, early ME. and OE. cúðe; ME. coude (14th c.), e.m.E. could, cold. Cf. Q p.t.]

1. Can, is (etc.) able; p.t. could, was (etc.) able.(a) 1375 Barb. ii. 492.
Othyr ma, That I thair namys can nocht say a1400 Legends of the Saints iii. 1079.
Gywe he can vndo that worde a1400 Ib. xxx. 154.
Consele kane I kene [= teach] thé 1456 Hay II. 54/27.
A man can … eschewe perilis … be vertynasse c1450-2 Howlat 120.
I can nocht say sudanelye c1450-2 Ib. 235.
Confes cleir can I nocht c1420 Ratis Raving 568.
Hop[e] … can weill mak blycht a1500 Prestis of Peblis 492.
The wyser man the better can he bourd c1500 Rowll Cursing 107 (M).
Brownie als that kan play kow 1513 Doug. iv. Prol. 240.
Syne … [lust] kan not hym selvyn hyde 1528 Lynd. Dreme 801.
I sall declare the suith … As I best can 1533 Gau 25/15.
Al the buikis … qvhilk thow cane ymagine or oders cane writ a1570-86 Maitland Folio MS lxxvi. 1.
God, as thow weill can, Help the selie court man a1570-86 Ib. xcv. 4.
That nane can keip hors, nolt, nor scheip 1604 Glasgow B. Rec. I. 272.
Sa that laidis … can nocht pas by vthiris 1616 Misc. Hist. Soc. II. 172.
I kan nevir find that he gevis any apparant reason(b) 1375 Barb. i. 568.
He couth set tharfor na rede c1400 Troy-bk. i. 408.
Scho couth turn in-to myrknes light c1420 Wynt. ii. 95.
Scho … kowth weylle se for hyr mystyre c1420 Ib. 475.
Thai couth fynd na lyvand man c1420 Ib. v. 5331.
He cowthe noucht … Ourecum Saynct Serff c1420 Ratis Raving 668.
Of ilkane couth I tell a takyne c1475 Acts of Schir William Wallace i. 252.
Mar witt of him … get couth thai nocht 1498 Halyb. 161.
The schout lay in Zelland or he coutht be lossit c1500-c1512 Dunb. Tua Mar. W. 281.
This cought I do without dule 1513 Doug. ii. x. 135.
To suffir exile he said that he ne couth 1513 Ib. ix. vi. 45.
The trake of deth ne cowth he not put by 1515 Douglas Corr. 68.
And gif ȝe kouth do so mekyll as caus the Kyng mak a post therfore, I war bedyttit to his grace 1515 Ib. 69.
And kouth the Kyng solyst hys brothyre of Frans to haf that byschep rendyrryt to hymm ... that he mycht thereftyr be demanyt as efferis 1515 Ib. 72.
As I kouth thynk eftyr my lytill wyt 1537 Criminal Trials I. 180.
All that we had, and couth get to borrow c1550 Rolland Court of Venus Prol. 268.
I couth nocht but dude(b) a1400 Legends of the Saints xviii. 1.
It ware spedfule, quha-sa cuthe, To put in wryt a1400 Ib. xxvii. 295.
Fra he cuth spek grathly 1453 Misc. Spald. C. V. 50.
Becaus he cuth nocht get it fra the bailȝeis 1489 Acts Lords of Council 102/2.
He haid charter … and cuthe nocht get the sammyn [etc.] 1505 Criminal Trials I. 46.
Because I cuth nocht apprehende him personaly 1543 Reg. Morton II. 289.
The said Erle … cuth nawise obtene relaxatioun of the said command 1546 Corr. M. Lorraine 172.
He cutht mell with na persoun [etc.](c) 1456 Hay I. 57/20.
Nane coud nombre the grete multitude 1497 Acts Lords of Council II. 59.
To mak procuratouris in the haistehest wise … that he coud 1500 Buccleuch Mun. II. 101.
Becaus I cwde fynde na mar mowabile gudis 1506 Treasurer's Accounts III. 139.
Ane … quhilk said he cowd mak gunnis c1500-c1512 Dunb. G. Targe 224.
I coud eschew hir presence be no wyle 1655 Hibbert P. No. 16.
Kuid 15.. King Berdok 11.
Weill cowd he play in clarschocht & on lute a1578 Pitsc. II. 120/33.
To haist the mariaige als schone as he cuid(d) a1568 Bannatyne MS 141 b/9.
Ȝe … wrett on as ȝe culd 1570 Leslie 251.
As thay culd on no wayis do 1578 Events Q. Mary 41.
I haif send … cheis of the best I cwld get a1578 Pitsc. I. 117/26.
He wald lat the king sie that he cuild break thame 1591-2 Rob Stene 8.
Sche cold nivir spy the richt 1645 Aberd. B. Rec. IV. 39.
If present payment culd not be hade 1660 Ib. 185.
Vseing all the diligence … they culd

b. With ellipse of verb = can do, have, etc. a1500 Henr. Test. Cress. 601.
Siching full sadlie, [he] said, ‘I can no moir’ a1500 Golagros and Gawane 443.
All that I can to yone king … , I sall preif [etc.] 1535 Stewart 18679.
With all the power … that he can, He movit weir c1550 Lynd. Meldrum 525.
With all the force they can, Thay richt rudelie at vther ran 1603 Philotus lxxvi.
Thus I … may … vnkend pas out, For ocht my keipars can

2. In poetry used to form a past tense: Did.Originally a substitution for Gan p.t. Both can and couth are used with the same preterite meaning.(a) 1375 Barb. i. 330.
Sone to Parys can he ga 1375 Ib. xii. 66.
Sic hardyment than can thai tak a1400 Legends of the Saints vii. 113.
A gret menȝe com swdanly … & lud canne ȝele a1400 Ib. xvi. 683.
In armis vpe he can hym brad c1420 Wynt. i. 102.
Thai … lewis of the treis can pull c1420 Ib. viii. 4352.
To thame in hy he can hym speyd a1500 Henr. Fab. 257.
On nicht thay ran, and on the day can sleip c1475 Acts of Schir William Wallace vii. 267.
This woman than apon him loud can call 1513 Doug. i. viii. 116.
Thus said Ilioneus, and sa can he ces 1513 Ib. iv. x. 63.
Syk gret complayntis from hir breist bryst kan 15.. Clariodus i. 478.
Ane litill dwerff fast efter them can gone 1606 Craig ii. 27/6.
Sad Venus wep't, and thus to mee can say [etc.](b) 1375 Barb. iii. 460.
The croune, that Ihesu couth ber 1375 Ib. v. 97.
Thai … pitwisly couth rair and cry a1400 Legends of the Saints i. 54.
Ay he grate, quhen he cuth mene Of his master swet spekingea1400 Ib. 60. c1450-2 Howlat 811.
The barde worth brane wod, and bitterly couth ban a1500 Henr. Fab. 254 (B).
Full preuely cwth thay creip c1475 Acts of Schir William Wallace vii. 1181.
The horn he hyntyt and couth blaw Sa asprely a1500 Buke of the Sevyne Sagis 219.
Than by the hand scho couth him tak c1500-c1512 Dunb. v. 29.
Out of hevin … cought the wif gang c1500-c1512 Ib. xxxiv. 39 (B).
The dyvill luche and on him qwth [MS qw^t, Maitl. F. cowld] nod c1500-c1512 Ib. xl. 4.
The tane cowth to the tother complene; Graneand … cowd scho say [etc.] a1568 Scott ii. 115.
Sym to haif bargan cowld nocht blin 1560 Rolland Seven Sages 414.
As it best culd effeir 1590 Burel Pilgr. i. xxiii.
The alcions … to the schore richt fast culd flee a1627 Craig v. 34.
And so … Through the wood could they hye

3. tr. To know, have knowledge of or skill in. 14.. Acts I. 336/2.
Thai mak thame maisteris and can nocht the craft c1420 Wynt. iv. 1978.
He may be callyd a gentill man That wertu and fayr hawyng can c1420 Ib. vi. 936.
Bot the schypemen trowyd noucht Off that twng that he cowth [C. couyth] owcht 1456 Hay II. 9/7.
Nane … bot he … that coud the poyntis … that to the said ordre appertenis 1456 Ib. 12.
Bot first he himself coud thai poyntis a1500 Henr. Fab. 144.
This cok … may till ane fule be peir, Quhilk … na gude can c1475 Acts of Schir William Wallace ii. 292.
The peple demyt of witt mekill he can c1475 Ib. ix. 127.
Thow can sumpart off schipman fair a1500 Bk. Chess 633.
A king but letteris lykynnit is … Vnto a crovnit as that no gud can c1500-c1512 Dunb. xliii. 6.
For any craft thay can a1570-86 Maitland Folio MS lx. 51.
Thocht ane man all science can 1596 Dalr. II. 441/18.
Throw vse and experience scho could meikle of our effairis and was verie expert