ULSTER wh is not replaced by f in either Ork. or Sh. unless in isolated cases through contact with Moray Firth fishermen and tradesmen. wr as in wrong, wrote, wrought 1 is pronounced [wr] or [w&schwa;r]. r is a point trill in both Ork. and Sh. Ulster § 166. “In the year 1600 the Gaelic-speaking MacDonnells were in the Glens of Antrim and in the Route. Apart from these there were only a few Scots in Ulster. Yet it is only a little over twenty miles from Donaghadee to Portpatrick, and it is barely that distance from Ballycastle to Kintyre. “A few years, however, altered the situation. Large numbers of Scots began to come to the northern half of the Ards Peninsula from 1606, to settle on lands granted to Montgomery and Hamilton, two Ayrshire men. By 1614 they numbered 2000 fighting men. From the Ards they soon spread through Newtownards and Comber and across the northern half of Down. From Belfast to Island Magee were the English, on land granted to Sir Arthur Chichester in 1603. There were English settlements at Lisburn, at Hillsborough, and up the Lagan Valley, stretching from Donaghcloney in Down, along the Lough shore, and up as far as Killead. The Scots were settled from Island Magee to Glenarm; they were in the West as far as Antrim town, and in the North at Ballymoney and the Route. Outside ‘The Glens’ in every Scots settlement there was the Scottish language, and by this language the Scots settlements are recognisable to this day. “A little later than this settlement of Down and Antrim was the ‘Ulster Plantation,’ which dealt with six other counties. “The traffic in the 17th cent. between Ulster and Scotland must have been considerable. Sir William Brereton states that in 1634 and 1635 10,000 people from between Aberdeen and Inverness passed through ‘Erwin’ on their way to Ulster. The Rev. John Livingstone of Stranraer, who had been minister of Killinchy (Down), on one occasion baptized twenty-eight children brought over from his former charge, and on another administered Communion to 500 people who had crossed to receive it (Rowe's Life of Blair). The rebellion of 1641 slacked the tide of immigration, but to make up for this a Scots army served in Ulster for many years, and when peace came the Scots flocked across in greater numbers than before. In 1689 many fled to Scotland, to return later with a multitude of new settlers attracted oversea by the offer of favourable leases of land. The immigration continued to a certain extent in the 18th cent., particularly after 1715 and 1745. The Scots settlers were always more numerous than the English, and from 1717 till 1780 were able to spare at least 100,000 of their number to America. “To be acquainted with the geographical position of the settlements in Ulster is to be acquainted also with the differences in the Ulster speech. In Fermanagh, Armagh and a large part of Tyrone the Scottish element in the speech of the people is much less apparent than the Irish. So also in South Down. The shoreline of Lough Neagh and the North East corner of Antrim have each distinctive dialects that are rich in Gaelic words and phrases. But in the rest of Antrim (except the extreme S.W.), in Mid-Down, North Down and the Ards, in County Derry outside the mountains, in East Donegal and in North Tyrone the Scottish language still makes a good fight for its life” 2 (W. F. Marshall, author of Ballads and Verses from Tyrone). Antrim Scots — Paraphrase of a County Antrim Poem. “Haleve 3 Nicht wos a guid nicht lang ago. Piles o' tay an' iverythin' ye'd name, dookin' for epples in the tub, hanchin' for epples hingin' frae the baak, spaein' wi' turnip peelin's an' pokin' at nits bleezin' roon the fire. That wos inside; ootside wos the yins sthrivin' tae blaw tow-reek in at the kay-hole. But, man dear, there's naethin' o' that noo, naethin' ava” (W. F. Marshall). Ulster Scots is in the main a variant of wm.Scots. 1 wræŋ, w&schwa;ræŋ, w&schwa;raŋ; w&schwa;r&openo;t, w&schwa;r&openo;ut. 2 Authorities. — Montgomery MSS. Hill, The Plantation of U lster U lster Journal of Archæology, 1st Series, several articles. Woodburn, The Ulster Scot. Colles, History of Ulster. 3 Halloween.