PHONETIC DESCRIPTION OF SCOTTISH LANGUAGE AND DIALECTS § 33. Words with ā in Scand.

§ 33.1   Scand. Sc. Eng.    blā  blae  [blue]    frā  frae, fae  fro    kāl  kail  cole    spā  spae  [foretell]

§ 33.2   Scand., ei, oei, ey, eg  Sc.  Eng.    beita  bait  bait    fleyja  fley  [frighten]    greiõa  h  [harness, etc.]    hegna  hain  [spare]    leir  lair  [mud]

§ 34. When O.E. ā was followed by w, ā becomes in Mod. Sc. either [α:] or [&ortail;:]. The spelling for either is au or, when final, aw, but for [α:] aa is found in some of the dialects.

§ 34.1
	O.E.	Mod.Sc.	Mod.Eng.
	blāwan	blaw	blow
	crāwan, v.	craw	crow
	crāwe, n.	craw	crow
	maāwan	maw	mow
	sāwan	saw	sow
	sāwol	saul, sal	soul
	slāw	slaw (obs.)	slow
	snāwan	snaw	snow

§ 34.2. When O.E. āg was followed by a vowel, g was pronounced as a voiced fricative and developed into w — e.g.

āgen

awn

own

So, late O.E. lāh = low from Scand. lār became law- in oblique cases and gave rise to Mod.Sc. law in lawland(s), shortened into lallan(s). Lāh gave rise to Mod.Sc. laich but we find in O.Sc. forms like lawche where the vowel of the oblique cases has been transferred to the nominative form. See § 30. § 35. Words with ō in O.E. O.E. ō. — m.bk.t.r., Middle Sc. o' oi, u, u + cons. +e, ui. ō at an early period began to shift forward in the mouth until it became a front vowel like the Fr. eu [ø] = m.fr.t.r. Generally when the vowel was in final position, or occurred before [r, z, ð, v,] it remained [ø], but before other consonants it was raised to or towards the high front position, and became lax, resembling the Ger. ü in hütte. It is a fact that when ui (O.E., Rom., or Scand. in origin) is unrounded in some Mod. dialects — e.g. em.Sc.,wm.Sc. — two distinct vowels are the result — e.g. guid becomes gid, brute becomes brit, shune becomes shin, use (n.) becomes yis, but ruise (= praise) becomes raise [re:z], muir becomes mair [me:r], use (v.) becomes yaise [je:z], shoe becomes shae [&sh.e:]. In the dialects of Ags. and the Mearns and of Ork. and Sh. the ui vowel has the same value in all words where it occurs — i.e. m.fr.t.r. = [ø]. When it is unrounded by younger speakers in Ags. and the Mearns the result is the same for a]] words — viz. [e1 or e]. Sometimes in other dialects there is a mixing of the two classes, generally by the working of analogy. See § 30.

§ 35.1   O.E. Mod.Sc. Mod.Eng.    mōna  mune  moon    spōn  spune  spoon    dōn  dune  done    blōd  blude  blood    lōma  lume  loom    pōl  pule  pool § 35.2    gōd  gude, guid  good    cōl  cuil  cool

§ 35.3   O.E. Mod.Sc. Mod.Eng.    dō  dui  do    scō  shui  shoe    tō  tui  too § 35.4    bōrd  buird  board    fōrd  fuird  ford    flōr  flure  floor    mōr  muir  moor

§35.5. When followed by w, the diphthong ow [&turnv;u] is the result.

	O.E.	Mod.Sc.	Mod.Eng.
	flōwan	flowe	flow
	g;ōwan	glowe	glow
	grōwan	growe	grow
	rōwan	rowe	row
	stōwigan	stowe	stow

§ 35.6. When followed by a back consonant [x] or [k], a diphthong [iu, ju or j&turnv;] is most common, though some dialects have simple [u] or [ø]

O.E. Mod.Sc. Mod.Eng.   (a) bōg, bōh  beuch  bough    genōh  eneuch  enough    hlōh  leuch  [laughed]    hōh  heuch  [cliff]    plōh  pleuch  plough    tōh  teuch  tough

O.E. Mod.Sc. Mod.Eng.   (b) bōc  beuk  book    hōc  heuk  hook    lōcian  leuk  look