SCOTTISH CURRENCY, WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

MONEY

The Scots currency was roughly equivalent in value to that of England till the later 14th c. when it began to depreciate by stages till at the time of the Act of Union in 1707, by the terms of which the Scots currency was abolished, the following values obtained:

Scots Sterling Decimal

1 penny &frac112; penny —
2 pennies = 1 Bodle ⅙ penny —
2 bodles = 1 Plack ⅓ penny —
3 bodles = 1 Bawbee 1 halfpenny —
2 bawbees = 1 Shilling 1 penny &point;24 penny
13 shillings 4 pence = 1 Merk 1s. 1½d. 5½pence
20 shillings = 1 pound 1s. 8d. 8 pence


WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

There was much confusion and diversity in early Scottish weights and measures and a succession of enactments from the 15th c. failed to improve matters till in 1661 a commission was set up by Parliament which recommended the setting up of national standards, the exemplars of which were to be kept in the custody of certain burghs, the Ell for lineal measure to be kept by Edinburgh, the Jug for liquid capacity by Stirling, the Firlot for dry measure by Linlithgow, and the Troy stone for weight by Lanark. These recommendations in the main prevailed throughout Scotland, though there was some irregularity between commodities in dry measure; a further recommendation that Tron weight should be entirely abolished was ignored and this measure fluctuated within fairly wide limits as between 22 and 28 ounces per pound. By Act 5 Geo. IV. c.74, 1824 uniformity of weights and measures was statutorily established and gradually this was conformed to although the names of the older measures like Firlot, Forpit, Lippie were transferred to fractions of the Imperial hundred-weight and are still sometimes heard. See articles s.v.


WEIGHTS

1. According to the standard of Lanark, for Troy or Dutch, q.v., weight:
  1. Avoirdupois Metric Weight
  1. drop (see Drap, n., 3.) 1&point;093 drams 1&point;921 grammes
  2. drops = 1 ounce 1 oz. 1&point;5 drams 31 grammes
  3. ounces = 1 pound 1 lb. 1 oz. 8 dr. 496 grammes
  4. pounds = 1 stone 17 lbs. 8 oz. 7&point;936 kilogrammes







2. According to the standard of Edinburgh for Tron, q.v., weight:
  1. Avoirdupois Metric Weight
  1. drop 1&point;378 drams 2&point;4404 grammes
  2. drops = 1 ounce 1 oz. 6 drams 39&point;04 grammes
  3. ounces = 1 pound 1 lb. 6 oz. 1 dram 624&point;74 grammes
  4. pounds = 1 stone 1 stone 8 lbs. 1 oz. 9&point;996 kilogrammes

CAPACITY

Liquid measure according to the standard of Stirling. See Joug, 2.
  1. Imperial Metric
  1. gill &point;749 gill &point;053 litres
  2. gills = 1 Mutchkin 2&point;996 gills &point;212 litres
  3. mutchkins = 1 Chopin 1 pint 1&point;992 gills &point;848 litres
  4. chopins = 1 Pint 2 pints 3&point;984 gills 1.696 litres
  5. pints = 1 gallon 3 gallons .25 gills 13.638 litres
  6. pint = 104&point;2034 Imp. cub. ins. 1 pint = 34&point;659 Imp. cub. ins. 1 litre = 61.027 cub. ins.

Dry measure according to the standard of Linlithgow, q.v.

1. For wheat, peas, beans, meal, etc.
  1. Lippie (or Forpit) &point;499 gallons 2&point;268 litres
  2. lippies = 1 peck 1&point;996 gallons 9&point;072 litres
  3. Pecks = 1 Firlot 3 pecks 1.986 gallons 36&point;286 litres
  4. Firlots = 1 Boll 3 bushels 3 pecks 1&point;944 galls. 145&point;145 litres
  5. Bolls = 1 Chalder 7 quarters 7 bushels 3 pecks 2322&point;324 litres
1&point;07 galls.
  1. Firlot = 2214&point;322 cub. ins. 1 gallon = 277&point;274 cub. ins. 1 litre = 61&point;027 cub. ins.

2. For barley, oats, malt.
  1. Lippie (or Forpit) &point;728 gallons 3&point;037 litres
  2. Lippies = 1 peck 1 peck &point;912 gallons 13&point;229 litres
  3. Pecks = 1 Firlot 1 bushel 1 peck 1&point;650 gallons 52&point;916 litres
  4. Firlots = 1 Boll 5 bushels 3 pecks &point;600 gallons 211&point;664 litres
  5. Bolls = 1 Chalder 11 quarters 5 bushels 1&point;615 3386&point;624 litres
gallons
1 Firlot = 3230&point;305 cub. ins.
MEASURES

According to the standard Ell, q.v., of Edinburgh.

Lineal
1 inch 1&point;0016 inches 2&point;54 centimetres
8&point;88 inches = 1 Sc. link 8&point;8942 inches 22&point;55 centimetres
12 inches = 1 foot 12&point;0192 inches 30&point;5287 centimetres
3&frac112; feet = 1 Ell 37&point;0598 inches (1&frac137; yards) 94&point;1318 centimetres
6 ells = 1 fall (Fa, n.) 6&point;1766 yards (1&point;123 poles) 5&point;6479 metres
4 falls = 1 chain 24&point;7064 yards (1&point;123 chains) 22&point;5916 metres
10 chains = 1 furlong 247&point;064 yards (1&point;123 furlongs) 225&point;916 metres
8 furlongs = 1 mile 1976&point;522 yards (1&point;123 miles) 1&point;8073 kilometres

Square
1 sq. inch 1&point;0256 sq. inch 6&point;4516 sq. centimetre
1 sq. ell 1&point;059 sq. yards &point;8853 sq. metre
36 sq. ells = 1 sq. fall 38&point;125 sq. yards 31&point;87 sq. metres
(1 pole 7&point;9 sq. yards)
40 falls = 1 sq. rood 1525 sq. yards 12&point;7483 acres
(1 rood 10 poles 13 sq. yards)
4 roods = 1 sq. acre 6100 sq. yards (1&point;26 acres) &point;5099 hectare


YARN MEASURE

1 cut = 300 yards
1 heere = 2 cuts or 600 yards
1 heid = 2 heeres or 1200 yards
1 hank or hesp = 3 heids or 3600 yards
1 spinle = 4 hanks or 14400 yards

See Cut in Suppl., and the other articles in Dict.
The above applies to linen and handspun woollen
yarn in the early 19th c. Earlier the measure was
considerably shorter, and varies considerably with
the kind of yarn spun.

For Coal Measure see Mett, n., 4.

ABBEVIATIONS

1. AS USED IN THE DICTIONARY
  1. (with date) ante = before
  1. = Author (after an author’s own note)
  1. abbreviated, abbreviation
  2. abridged
  3. absolute(ly)
  4. accusative
  5. according
  6. adaptation of
  1. Addenda
  1. adjective, adjectival(ly)
  2. adverb, adverbial(ly)
  3. affirmative(ly)
  1. Gl. Glossary of the Shetland Dialect, by J. S. Angus (1914)
  2. Anonymous
  1. antecedent
  2. aphetic
  1. Appendix
  1. apparent(ly)
  1. Arabic
  1. archaic
  2. article
  3. assimilated, assimilation
  4. association
  5. attributive(ly)
  6. auxiliary
  1. Authorised Version
  2. and H. A Dictionary of English Plant-Names, by James Britten, F.L.S., and
Robert Holland (1886)
  1. Bannatyne Club
  2. A Dictionary of the Low-Dutch Element in the English Vocabulary,
by J. F. Bense, Lit. Ph.D. (1926-38)
  1. Scandinavian Loan- Words in Middle English, by Erik Björkman,
Ph.D. (1900-02)
  1. Book
  2. Burgh Record Society
  1. (with date) Circa = about
  2. century
  3. century
  4. central
  5. confer = compare
  6. chronological(ly)
  1. and Vigfusson Icelandic-English Dictionary based on the MS. collections of the
late Richard Cleasby, enlarged and completed by Gudbrand
Vigfusson (1874)
  1. Cursor Mundi
  1. cognate
  2. collective(ly)
  3. colloquial(ly)
  1. Studies in Lowland Scots, by J. Colville (1909)
  1. combination
  2. common(ly)
  3. compound
  4. comparative
  1. Eng. Dict. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English, adapted by H. W.
Fowler and F. G. Fowler from The Oxford Dictionary (1929)
  1. conditional
  2. conjunction, conjunctive
  3. connected
  4. consonant
  5. constructed, construction
  6. contracted, contraction
  7. corresponding to
  1. A Dictionarie of the French and English Tongues, compiled by
Randle Cotgrave (1611)
  1. John Marshall, Lord Curriehill (1794-1868), judge of the Court of
Session, who wrote marginal notes in a copy of MacTaggart’s
Gallov. Encycl. now in the library of the late Mr. E. A. Hornel,
artist, Kirkcudbright. (Gall. a.1868 Curriehill)
  1. died
(D)1 dialect, dialectal
  1. A Dictionary of American English on Historical Principles, compiled
at the University of Chicago under the editorship of Sir William
Craigie and James R. Hulbert (1936-)
  1. Danish
  2. Worterbuch der altmarkischen platt-deutschen Mundart. by Johann
Friedrich Danneil (1859)
  1. dative
  2. definition
  3. art. definite article
1 In introducing quotations, (D) after the name of the county implies that the local dialect is more strongly marked in the whole or in some definite part of the writer’s work than in the case of those books or authors that have merely the local designation.

  1. demonstrative
  2. derived, derivative, derivation
  3. dialect, dialectal
  1. Dictionary
  2. A Grammar of the Buchan Dialect (Aberdeenshire), Descriptive and
Historical. Vol. I. Phonology-Accidence, by Eugen Dieth,
Ph.D. (1932)
  1. An Etymological Dictionary of the Romance Languages; chiefly from
the German of Friedrich Diez, by T. C. Donkin,
B.A. (1864)
  1. Friesch Woordenboek, by W. Dijkstra (1900)
  1. diminutive
  1. Dinneen’s Irish-English Dictionary
  2. A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue, from the Twelfth Century
to the end of the Seventeenth, by Sir William A. Craigie, LL.D.,
D.Litt. and A. J. Aitken, M.A. (1931-)
  1. The Dialect of the Southern Counties of Scotland, by J. A. H. Murray
(1873)
  1. Dutch
  2. The Illustrated Gaelic-English Dictionary, by E. Dwelly. F.S.A.
Scot., F.S.G. (4th ed. 1941)
  1. Early
(E) Eclectic = an artificial form of Scots, sometimes called synthetic
Scots or Lallans
  1. east Anglian
  2. edited, editor, edition
  1. The English Dialect Dictionary, by Joseph Wright, in six Volumes
(1898-1905)
  1. Gl. Glossary of the Dialect of Shetland and Orkney, by T. Edmonston
(1866)
  1. Early English Pronunciation, by A. J. Ellis (1869-1889)
  2. Early English Text Society
  1. elliptical(ly)
  1. Early Modern English
  2. English
  3. Dict. Spurrell’s English-Welsh Dictionary (1926)
  1. erroneous(ly)
  2. especial(ly)
  3. etymology, etymological(ly)
  4. euphemism, euphemistic(ally)
  5. evident(ly)
  6. example(s)
  7. except, exception
  8. exclamation, exclamatorily
  9. explained
  10. expression
  1. Faeroese
  2. and Torp Norwegisch-Danisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, by H. S.
Falk and Alf Trop (1910-1911)
  1. familiar(ly)
  1. and Henley A Dictionary of Slang and Colloquial English, by John S. Farmer and
W. E. Henley (1905)
  1. feminine
  2. figurative(ly)
  3. floruit = flourished
  1. Flemish
  2. Scandinavian Influence on Southern Lowland Scotch, by G. T. Flom
(1900)
  1. following, followed
  1. French
  2. A Critical Inquiry into the Scottish Language, by Francisque-Michel
(1882)
  1. Franck’s Etymologisch Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal (1912)
  1. frequent(ly), frequentative
  1. Frisian
  1. future
  1. Gaelic
  2. Etymologisches Worterbuch der Französischen Sprache, ed. Ernst
Gamillscheg (1928)
  1. genitive; general(ly)
  1. General Scots = known generally wherever Lowland Scots is spoken
  2. German
  3. Glossary
  4. Germanic
  5. Lexique de L’Ancien Francais, by Frederic Godefroy (1901 ed.)
  6. Gothic
  7. Greek
  8. D. Bnff. Dialect of Banffshire, by W. Gregor (1866)
  9. and Darm. Dictionnaire General de la Langue Francaise, by A. Hatzfeld and A.
Darmesteter (1926)
  1. Hebrides
(Highland) representation of a Highlander’s speech by the author
  1. history, historical
  1. Ibidem = in the same place
  2. Icelandic
  3. Idem = the same person (esp. when referred to as authority for a
word)
  1. Indogermanic
  2. Indo-European
  1. imitative
  2. impression
  3. imperative
  4. impersonal(ly)
  5. imperfect
  6. indefinitive
  7. indicative
  8. infinitive
  9. inflexion
  10. instrumental
  11. interjection
  12. interrogative(ly)
  13. intransitive(ly)
  1. Introduction
  2. Irish
  1. irregular(ly)
  1. Italian
  1. italics
  1. An Etym. Dictionary of the Norn Language in Shetland, by Jakob
Jakobson (1908 Dan. ed., 1928 Eng. tr.)
  1. Etym. Dictionary of the Scottish Language, in two volumes (1808), by
John Jamieson
  1. Etym. Dictionary of the Scottish Language (abr. ed.) (1818)
  2. Supplement to the Etym. Dictionary of the Scottish Language, in two
Volumes (1825)
  1. Etym. Dictionary of the Scottish Language, revised by J. Johnstone
(1840-1841), in two Volumes
  1. Dictionary of the Scottish Language, by John Jamieson, abr. by J.
Johnstone, revised by J. Longmuir (1867)
  1. Etym. Dictionary of the Scottish Language, revised by J. Longmuir
and D. Donaldson (1879-1882)
  1. Supplement to Jamieson’s Scottish Dictionary, by D. Donaldson
(1887)
  1. English as we speak it in Ireland, by P. W. Joyce, LL.D., T.C.D.,
M.R.I.A. (2nd ed. 1910)
  1. Etymologicum Teutonicæ Linguæ, sive Dictionarium
Teutonico-Latinum, by C. Kilian (1772-1777)
  1. An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, by Friedrich
Kluge
  1. Linn. Linnæus
  1. language
  1. Dansk-Norsk-Englsk Ordbog, ed. A. Larsen (1910)
  2. Latin
  3. Low German
  1. literal(ly)
  2. literary, in literary use only
  1. Lithuanian
  2. Lowland Scottish
  1. mod. modern
  1. Maitland Club
  2. Gaelic Dictionary, by Neil McAlpine
  3. Etym. Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, by A. MacBain (1896)
  4. A Pronouncing and Etym. Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, by
Malcolm MacLennan (1925)
  1. and Dewar A Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, by the Rev. Dr. Norman
Macleod and the Rev. Dr. Daniel Dewar (1893)
  1. The Orkney Norn, by H. Marwick (1929)
  1. masculine
  1. (med.) Mediaeval
  2. Lat. Medieval Latin
  1. metathetic, metathesis
  2. metaphor, metaphorical(ly)
  1. Supplementary Dictionary of the Scottish Language, with
Introduction by W. M. Metcalfe (1910)
  1. Middle High German
  2. Eng. Middle English
  1. midland (i.e. Eng. dialect of the Midlands)
  1. Middle Scots
  2. Miscellany
  3. Middle Low German
  4. Manual of Modern Scots, by W. Grant and J. M. Dixon (1921)
  5. Notes on Jamieson’s Scottish Dictionary, by J. B. Montgomerie-
Fleming (1899)
  1. noun
  2. nautical
  3. no date
  1. A New English Dictionary, ed. J. A. H. Murray, H. Bradley, W. A.
Craigie, C. T. Onions (Oxford, 1884-1929)
  1. negative(ly)
  2. neuter
  3. nominative
  1. Norwegian
  1. numeral
  2. object(ive)
  3. obsolete
  4. obsolescent
  5. occasional(ly)
  1. English, before the Conquest; includes the four dialects, West Saxon,
Kentish, Mercian and Northumbrian
  1. Old French
  2. Old Frisian
  3. Old High German
  4. or O.Ir. Old Irish
  5. Old Norse
  6. Old Norman French
  1. onomatopœic
  1. Old Northumbrian
  1. origin(al)(ly)
  1. Old Saxon
  2. Older Scots
  3. Old Slavonic
  1. (with date) post = after
  2. pp. page, pages
  3. past participle
  4. passive(ly)
  5. past tense
  6. perfect
  7. personal
  8. phonetic(s)
  9. phrase(s)
  10. perhaps
  11. plural
  1. Phonetic Description of the Language and Dialects in Vol. I., Intro.
  1. pleonasm, pleonastic(ally)
  2. poetical
  3. popular(ly)
  1. Portuguese
  1. possible(ly)
  2. participle
  3. participial adjective
  4. participial phrase
  5. predicate, predicatively
  6. prefix
  7. preposition
  8. present
  9. preterite
  1. Primitive
  2. Primitive Old English
  1. probable(ly)
  2. pronoun
  3. proper(ly)
  1. Provencal
  2. Promptorium Parvulorum
  1. present participle
  2. present tense
  3. published
  4. quod vide = which see
  5. reduplicative
  6. reference
  7. reflexive(ly)
  8. regular(ly)
  9. relative
  10. representative, representing, etc.
  1. An Introduction to Old French, by F. F. Roget, 1887
  2. Romance—i.e. Latin and languages derived from it
  3. Scots (when no indication of a particular dialect is given); Scottish,
Scotch
  1. scilicet = that is to say
  1. Spalding Club, New Spalding Club, Third Spalding Club
  2. Scandinavian
  3. Scotland
  4. Chambers’s Scots Dialect Dictionary, by A. Warrack (19 1)
  1. separate
  1. Scottish Historical Society
  1. singular
  1. Concise Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, by Walter
W. Skeat (1911)
  1. Sanskrit
  2. Scottish National Dictionary
  3. Spanish
  1. specific(ally)
  1. Acc.1 Statistical Account of Scotland (1791-1799)
  2. Acc.2 New Statistical Account of Scotland (1845)
  3. Acc.3 Third Statistical Account of Scotland (of varying dates from 1951)
  4. Standard English
  5. Southern English—i.e. Standard English as spoken in the middle
and south of England
  1. A Middle-English Dictionary containing words used by English
writers from the twelfth to the fifteenth century, by
Francis Henry Stratmann (ed. H. Bradley 1891)
  1. Scottish Text Society
  1. strong verb
  2. subject; subjunctive
  3. substantive(ly)
  4. suffix
  5. superlative
  1. Supplement
  1. sub voce = under the word
  1. Swedish
  2. A.S. The Student’s Dictionary of Anglo-Saxon, by Henry Sweet (1897)
  3. H.E.S. A History of English Sounds, by Henry Sweet (1888)
  1. syllable
  2. synonym(ous)
  3. technical(ly)
  1. Nynorsk Etymologisk Ordbok, by Alf Torp (1919)
  1. transitive(ly)
  1. Transactions
  1. transferred sense
  2. translation
  1. Gl. M. Traynor English Dialect of Donegal (1953)
  1. transfer
  1. Transactions of the Scottish Dialects Committee
  2. Eng. Dict. The Universal English Dictionary, edited by H. C, Wyld (1932)
  3. United States
  1. usual(ly)
  1. vb. verb
  2. vide = see
  3. variant of
  4. verbal noun
  5. vernacular
  6. vide infra = see below
  7. videlicet = namely
  1. vocabulary
  1. vide supra = see above
  1. W.-B. Roxburghshire Word-Book, by G. Watson (1923)
  2. Webster’s New International Dictionary (end ed., 1935)
  3. Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, by Ernest Weekley
(1921)
  1. Studies in Prefixes and Suffixes in Middle Scottish, by Elizabeth
Westergaard (1924)
  1. The Phonology of a Berwickshire Dialect, by Paul Wettstein (1942)
  2. D. Burns The Dialect of Robert Burns as spoken in Central Ayrshire by Sir
James Wilson (1923)
  1. Cent. Scot. The Dialects of Central Scotland, by Sir James Wilson (1926) for
Fif., Lth.
  1. L. Strathearn Lowland Scotch as spoken in the Lower Strathearn District of
Perthshire, by Sir James Wilson (1915) for Per.
  1. referring to any of the above works (differentiated by the county
abbreviation)
  1. weak verb
  1. Word-List
  2. West Saxon
  3. The Phonology of the Morebattle Dialect (East Roxburghshire), by
Rudolf Zai, Ph.D., 1942
  1. A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, by Geir T. Zoëga (1910)
* (in etymological notes) hypothetical form.
† obsolete.
‡ obsolescent.
[ ] square brackets enclose the phonetic descriptions, the etymological notes, and explanations by editor inserted in quotations.
A date in square brackets is sometimes given for the first edition of a book, when that ed. has not been consulted, but when it is known to differ in some respect from the ed. used.
¶ indicates thea no evidence for the word in question has been found, beyond that quoted in the article.



2. FOR SCOTTISH DIALECT DISTRICTS

With the drastic reform of Scottish local government in 1975 the political map of Scotland has been much altered and the areas demarcated in P.L.D. pp. xlvii-xlviii no longer exist. New provinces called regions have been formed by amalgamations of counties or parts of counties, the counties themselves have disappeared and new administrative areas called districts have been formed within re-drawn boundaries. Shetland and Orkney form two Island Authorities.

The dialects of Caithness (Cai.), Cromarty (Crm.), Easter Ross and Avoch (Rs.), and the fishing villages of Nairn (Nai.), now form the only Scots-speaking areas in the Highland region; ne.Sc. corresponds fairly closely to the Grampian region; sn.Sc. and em.Sc.(a) cover the Tayside, Fife and Central regions, se.Slg. being more or less coterminous with the new Falkirk district; e., m. and w.Lth. coincide with the new Lothian region; em.Sc.(b) extends over the parts of the Borders region north of the Tweed; the Strathclyde region includes the wm.Sc. area with the dialects of Bute, Arran and s.Kintyre and the Carrick area of sm.Sc.; the Dumfries and Galloway region covers the rest of sm.Sc. and the east and mid.Dmf. areas of s.Sc.; the rest of the s.Sc. area is divided between the new Roxburgh district and the half of the Ettrick and Lauderdale district south of the Tweed.


3. COMMONLY USED FOR SCOTTISH lNSTITUTIONS, ETC.
  1. Associate of R.S.A.
  2. Chartered Accountant (see Accountant (Suppl.)).
  3. Caledonian Railway.
  4. Univ. slang for a class certificate issued to those students who have
“Duly Performed” the work of the class without distinction.
  1. Educational Institute of Scotland.
  2. Evangelical Union (see Morisonian).
  3. Faculty of Actuaries.
  4. Fellow of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh.
  5. Free Church (of Scotland). See Free.
  6. Fellow of Dental Surgery of R.C.S.E.
  7. Fellow of F.A.
  8. Fellow of the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons (of Glasgow).
  9. Free Presbyterian Church. See Free.
  10. Fellow of R.C.P.E.
  11. Fellow of R.C.P.G.
  12. Fellow of R.C.S.E.
  13. Fellow of R.S.E.
  14. Fellow of R.S.G.S.
  15. Scot. Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland.
  16. Great North of Scotland Railway.
  17. Glasgow and South-Western Railway.
  18. Higher Grade School (see Higher, 2. (2)).
  19. Highland Light Infantry (see Hieland, adj., 7. (11)).
  20. Highland Railway.
  1. In praesentia Dominorum (see Presence), orig. I.P.D.P[arliamenti],
appended to the signature of the Chancellor of Scotland on the
engrossed copy of an Act of Parliament.
  1. King’s Own Scottish Borderers (see King (Suppl.)).
  2. Knight of [the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of] the Thistle
(see Thrissel, 2. (2)).
  1. Literate in Arts, a degree equivalent to M.A. for men, given from
1876 to women students, then still excluded from British
Universities, by the University of St. Andrews, later changed to
L.L.A. (Lady Literate in Arts) and falling into disuse after the
admission of women to Universities from 1890.
  1. Licentiate of R.C.P.E.
  2. Licentiate of R.C.S.E.
  3. Member of R.C.P.E.
  4. Member of R.C.S.E.
  5. North British Railway.
  6. & W.J.R. Portpatrick and Wigtonshire Joint Railway,
  7. President of R.S.A.
  8. President of R.S.E.
  9. Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.
  10. Royal College of Physicians of Glasgow.
  11. Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.
  12. Royal College of Surgeons of Glasgow.
  13. Reformed Presbyterian.
  14. Royal Scottish Academy.
  15. Royal Society of Edinburgh.
  16. Royal Scottish Geographical Society.
  17. Scottish Certificate of Education (see Higher, 1.).
  18. Scottish Education Department.
  19. Scottish Football Association.
  20. Scottish Labour Party (1888-93).
  21. Scottish National Orchestra.
  22. Scottish National Party.
  23. Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge.
  24. Students’ Representative Council (see Student).
  25. Solicitor in the Supreme Courts (see Solicitor).
  26. Scottish Women’s Rural Institutes.
  27. United Free (Church). See United.
  28. United Presbyterian. See United.
  29. Writer to the Signet. See Signet.